assumed knowledge: “I suppose” or “for surely you” (e.g., NRSV; REB). The phrase suggests a certain amount of distance between Paul and the recipients of the work, for it is difficult to make sense of Paul making such an assertion to a community he knew so well. The phrase makes most sense if Ephesians was addressed to a community or communities of believers whom Paul did not know personally. Both Col 1:23 and Eph 3:2 include the expression “you heard” or “you have heard” (ēkousate), although in